Color coded pronunciation symbol system

ABSTRACT

A color coded symbol system is applied to the letters of the English alphabet for such different language sounds as such letters have in different words to facilitate the pronunciation and reading and learning of such words.

Feb. 13, 1973 United States Patent Novak 10/1929Mooney,............................35/35 J X COLOR CODED PRONUNCIATIONSYMBOL SYSTEM FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1961Canada...........................,.... ...35/7l Primary ExaminerWm. I-I.Grieb Attorney-Ely Silverman [22] Filed:

[21] Appl. No.: 95,433

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COLOR CODED PRONUNCIATION SYMBOL SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.The Field of the Invention The invention relates to printed matter andapparatus for imparting instruction and information for learninglanguage.

2. Discussion of the Prior Art After a child has reached the stage ofunderstanding speech and of recognizing the letters of the Englishalphabet, the written or printed words chosen to be presented to thechild for his learning thereof are orally pronounced by the teacher andrepeated aloud by the child while the child follows along with his eyesthe words so read and pronounced, and thus learns such words by rote.However, the sounds or pronunciation of even the words used by a childwhile first learning how to read as in The Practice Workbook of ReadingGrade One [by Treasure Books, a division of Grossett and Dunlap] do notall correspond to the sounds of each of separate letters of which suchwords are composed pronounced as single letters. For instance, even suchsimply worded sentences as Here is Peter. do not pronounce the secondletter e of the word here, and the two different es in the word Peterhave a different pronunciation. Additionally, some letters in wordsnever provide in the English language the sounds by which such lettersare separately identified. For instance, the letter w, pronounced asdouble yew is rarely so pronounced in words of the English language.Also, the letter when pronounced in words in the English language, ispronounced sometimes as are the sounds of the letters sh and k [as inthe words ocean and cat] and the letter c in scent and scene is notpronounced at all. The consonants b, f, g", s, t", and x as well as thevowels a, e, i, o, u, and the letter y also each have distinctly variedsounds in different common words and some thereof are silent in otherwords of the English language in which such letters appear, and words ofeven the same spelling have different sounds e.g., read (present tense)and read" (past tense);

further the letter a is pronounced differently in the word duplicate,the verb and the word duplicate", the noun. Further, the same sound isindicated by different letters, (as underlined) in some words of theEnglish language, as soda", the, fir, demon, picture, and myrtle."

Because of the varied sounds of each of the letters, with no uniformrelation of the visible alphabetic notations to the sound relatedthereto even in simple English language words as in the rhyme Mary had alittle lamb," the rote requirement of initial reading learning is high.

At the moment that a child is learning to read even the words usuallyavailable in such first grade type of text such child needs a clearunderstandable referent for the pronunciation of even such simpleEnglish language words. In such initial stage of presentation of soundsand letters which make up a word, analyses provided in standard works[as Websters New International DictionarY of the English Language,Second Edition, Unabridged, G. C. Merriam Co. Springfield, Mass, USA.1961 pages xxii through xxviii] are too long and too complicated for useby such child of insufficient vocabulary to identify and to apply suchrules to words to be learned.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Written language, color and language sound arecombined to supplement each other to facilitate learning of Englishlanguage words and their pronunciation through use of a selecteddistinct colors applied to the letters of the English alphabet toidentify the sound of each of such letters in the words in which theyappear.

Confusion as to choice of varied pronunciation of letters in words isavoided by use of a color coded system of sound symbols wherein adistinct colored symbol is provided for each of the usual Englishlanguage sounds without additional symbol outlines (than the standardEnglish alphabet letters) and colors readily distinguished by the usualchild in usual initial stage of learning to read and pronounce suchwords.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 shows a childrens rhyme in the Englishlanguage on a page, 11, of a book, 10 according to this invention, onwhich page the letters of the words of the rhyme are colored accordingto a color coded letter system of sound symbols according to oneembodiment of this invention.

FIG. 2 shows a Biblical verse in the English language with the coloringof its letters according to the color coded letter system of soundsymbols of this invention.

FIG. 3 is one page, 13, of a dictionary according to the color codedletter pronunciation symbol system of this invention, showing a pagethereof for the letter F to illustrate one symbol of the coded lettersystem of sound symbols of this invention used with the text of FIGS. 1and 2.

FIG. 4 is another page, 14, of a phonics dictionary, according to thecolor keyed letter system of sound symbols of this invention, forpronunciation of words with the letter A with the text of FIGS. 1 and 2.This FIGURE is in several parts, all forming one page.

FIG. 5 is another page, 15, of a color coded phonics dictionaryaccording to the color keyed letter system of sound symbols of thisinvention for the letter 0" as used in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is another page, 16, of a dictionary according to the color keyedletter system of sound symbols of this invention for the sound sh.

FIG. 7 indicates, for each of the hatchings provided in FIGS. 1 through6, the color indicated thereby; details as to saturation and brightnessof each such color are provided in Table II.

FIG. 8 shows each of the letters of a word underlined in color accordingto another color coded letter system of sound symbols of this invention.

FIG. 9 is yet another embodiment of color keying of the alphabet lettersound symbols according to this invention.

FIG. 10 is yet another embodiment of color keying of the alphabet lettersound symbols according to this invention.

FIG. 11 is yet another embodiment of color keying of the alphabet lettersound symbols according to this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiment is abook, which book comprises several pages of reading material as 11 and12 and several pages of a phonics dictionary as 13 through 16. Thereading material is composed of simple elementary text as 21 in theEnglish language such as the nursery rhyme shown in FIG. 1 and familiarsentences in the conventional English language using readily knownwords, as in FIG. 2. The printed textual material as 21 is printed onsubstantially white paper or cloth sheets, as 17 on each. page as 11 and12, as is the printed material as 22 of the dictionary (on pages as 18)according to the color coded pronunciation symbol system or color codedletter system of sound symbols of this invention. The phonics dictionaryis below described and portions thereof are illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4,5, and 6. The pages of the book may be in loose leaf form or bound. Thedictionary portion may be separate from the text portion. The contentsof the dictionary illustrates the sounds to be pronounced by the symbolsof the text portion.

According to the color coded symbol system for pronunciation of Englishlanguage sounds provided herein there is a colored symbol for everysound of the English language with which the child initially comes incontact when learning to read and this symbol system clearly, usingavailable letter outlines, distinguishes between the several sounds ofeach letter of the English alphabet in the text and demonstratesdifferent letters pronounced by other sounds in the English language byother symbols. According to this system of color coded letter symbolsfor language sounds;

a. there is one group of chromatic colors used for the usual sounds (thesounds of letters being their pronunciations in the text words) ofconsonant letters and a second group of chromatic colors used for theusual vowel letter sounds with the colored members of the second groupof chromatic colors being visually distinct from the members of thefirst group of chromatic colors and each of the members of the firstgroup of chromatic colors being distinct from other members in thatfirst group and each of the members of the second group of chromaticcolors being distinct from other members in that second group ofchromatic colors,

b. letters pronounced by sounds other than the usual sounds of consonantletters and of vowel sounds are chromatically colored differently fromeach other and from the first and second group of chromatic colors,

c. silent letters are written in black and,

d. each of thesounds referred to in this color coded symbol system forlanguage sounds is listed in alphabetical order of the letter used forsuch color coded symbol in the indexed phonics dictionary of the book tomake the information provided for each of such sounds easy to locate.

The chromatic colors used in this color coded symbol system are showndiagramatically and referred to in terms of one or two syllables in FIG.7 and are listed in Table II with standard color chart names therefor todescribe such colors used in a particular preferred embodiment of thissystem in more detail as to saturation (or intensity) and hue andbrightness (or value).

The contents of the indexed phonics dictionary are listed in Table Ihereto; some dictionary page formats and contents are shown in FIGS. 3,4, 5, and 6 and there are pictures by example as shown in FIG. 3 so thatthe child can teach himself to read. The contents of the indexed phonicsdictionary may also include the silent letters, as set out in Table III,located in such dictionary in the number order indicated (i.e. symbol 6Afollows symbol number 6, 10A follows 10, etc) for each such symbol.

This invention includes not only (I) the discovery and/or appreciationof the utility of the ability in a child not yet able to read his or herability to: (a) recognize and distinguish different colors and (b)recognize and distinguish the outline of each of different Englishalphabet letters and, further, (c) to recognize the sounds of theEnglish language oral vocabulary of such a child not yet able to read,but also, in view of such discovery and/or appreciation, (2) thecreation of a system of language sound symbols combining the outlines ofthe letters of the English alphabet and preselected distinctivechromatic colors applied within such outlines to represent separateEnglish language sounds, some of which language sounds do not correspondto the pronunciation of the alphabet letters; this color coded lettersystem of language sound symbols provides pronunciation guides withoutchanging the spelling of the words to be learned by the child orrequiring additional symbol or letter outlines.

FIG. l is illustrative of a page of the text portion of an embodiment ofcolor coded letter system of language sound symbols. Each of thevariations of pronunciation of each particular English alphabet vowelletter therein has applied thereto a different distinctive color i.e.,has a distinctive hue, saturation and/or brilliance; each vowel letterhas one principal color, red, corresponding to the sound of that letterwhen it stands alone [as a in ape] and each of the common variations ofthe pronunciation of such vowel letter as a" in lamb, father", andabound" are provided distinctly different characteristic colors as shownin FIG. 4 for am, smart and asofa respectively.

As shown in FIG. 4, while the chromatic color symbol of the vowel lettera corresponds to the pronunciation thereof as in the English languagewords snake, ape, ate, fate", and Mary, that vowel letter symbol ismodified by variations in color only, e.g., red, orange, brown, and pinkas shown in FIG. 1 so that in the words of the reader or text portion ofthis invention, as shown in FIG. 1, such coded coloring of each alphabetletter symbol positively indicates the correspondingly properly variedpronunciation of such vowel letter in each of such words. Similarly, inthe English language many of the consonant letters are pronounced by notonly the sound of the letter standing alone, as g in the word gem, butalso variations thereof as the green g" in go" of FIG. 1; however thebeginning reader child using the text portion may notice that theconsonant letters in a color distinctly other than blue and such readerthus know by such differently colored symbol that such letter as g isused in that word, as go of FIG. 1, with a sound different from thesound of such letter (g") standing alone and may refer to the index forthe proper pronunciation of such letters as in the word go" of FIG. 1:such a child is similarly apprised that the pronunciation of the bluecolored letter symbol c in the word fleece of FIG. 1 is different thanthe pronunciation of the green English alphabet letter c in the wordcome in FIG. 2 and accordingly, by his or her use of the dictionaryportion (items and 11 of Table I), is positively apprised of the properpronunciation of the letter e in the word fleece as well as apprised toavoid pronouncing the sound corresponding to the green C in come.

The coloring of the lettering shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrates thecoloring of symbols in this color coded symbol system for sounds to callto the attention of the very young reader not only when a given letteris not pronounced with the sound of the separate letter of which suchword is composed but also the invention provides a color coded lettersymbol system of sound symbols to positively indicate the proper soundfor each letter in each word.

According to the invention herein each of the English language sounds isillustrated by words on pages in the phonics dictionary portion of thebook; these pages are arranged in the alphabetical order of the Englishalphabet letter the outline of which is used and the area within whichoutline is chromatically colored, the order of such sounds is set out inTables I and III; information for pronunciation of each of the separatesounds pronounced on basis of one letter outline may be on one page asshown in FIG. 3, or all of the separate sounds symbolized by filling inthe outline of one letter by varied colors may be presented on one pageas for the letter a in FIG. 4 and the letter c" in FIG. 5, in the firstportion of this phonics dictionary. Also, as there is by this system ofsound symbols a color for every sound, such generally alphabetical listof varied sounds of pronunciation of alphabet letters is followed byseparate phonics dictionary pages each illustrating, respectively,sounds pronounced by letters and combinations of letters which sounds donot correspond to the pronunciation of any one English alphabet letter,herein referred to as non-alphabet language sounds, such as the ch soundand the sh" sounds.

Accordingly, the dictionary includes as a secondportion;

a. pages with words having letters pronounced with the ch sound andwhich letters are, in this embodiment colored brown and b. on yetanother sheet, the words with the letters colored purple in thisembodiment of this system pronounced with the sh sound as in FIG. 6 andc. on yet another page the words having letters pronounced by the uh"sound and colored tan in this embodiment.

The information on each of such dictionary pages illustrating suchnon-alphabet sounds, as in FIG. 6, presents the same informationrelative to each such non-alphabet sound and the colored letters formingsuch sound, (as the sh sound formed by the letter c") as is presented inthe portion of the dictionary pages (as FIG. 5) demonstrating thatnon-alphabet sound when formed by each of the separate alphabet letters,(as s, c, and t,) forming such sh sounds. Thereby the different letterswhich form the same sounds, which sounds are not sounds provided by theletters of the alphabet standing alone, are grouped together for theconvenience of the reader, and the chromatic coloring thereofdemonstrates the similarities of each such sound regardless of theEnglish alphabet letters used as basis for spelling of words pronouncedwith such non-alphabet sound. The content of each indexed dictionarypage comprises, as shown in FIG. 3, a heading and words illustrativethereof. The heading is a colored alphabet letter which refers to aparticular English language sound which sound such dictionary page isdesigned to illustrate as in FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6. Below the heading asFf in FIG. 3, there are words such as from and fish which contain thecolored English alphabet letter f shown in the heading and which letterin such illustrative words is colored identical to the color of suchEnglish, alphabet letter in the heading on such page. The words arechosen so that the pronunciation of such English alphabet letters insuch words are illustrative of the sound of the colored letter in theheading.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of the treatment given in the dictionary tothe sound symbols based on the English alphabet letter a." Each of theseveral separate language sounds or pronunciations for which the lettera is used is illustrated by words wherein the pronunciation of that sameletter occur. In each of such words the letter a is contained and ineach of such words such letter is colored with a distinctive chromaticcolor characteristic of the sound which pronunciation of such letterproduces in such words. Thus, to illustrate the sound of the vowelletter a as in the words ate and fate as well as in the words snake andape such words are shown together in FIG. 4 with and in proximity to theletter a" in the heading with the letter a" always in the samedistinctive color. The pronunciation of words such as ate", fate, snake,and ape are words illustrative of such sound and the letter a is showncolored in the same color, red, in each of such words and each of suchwords are located in close spatial relationship to, i.e., under and nearto and on the same page as, the letter a in the heading while otherletters representing other sounds in such words, as the k in snake" andthe n in snake and the s in snake are in another color, blue, distinctfrom red, and the e in ape and fate" are in black, also distinct fromred.

For each of the consonant letters, such as c, which is pronounced withdiffering sounds in different words each such language sound isillustrated in the dictionary as is shown in FIG. 5 for the letter c".Words pronounced with the sound of pronunciation the letter c thatsounds like an s as in cement and others pronounced with a sound like Itas the c in cat and other words pronounced with a sound which soundslike sh, as in the word ocean or social", are provided as illustrativeof such sounds, and the letter c is characteristically colored in eachof such words that produces each such sound and each such (first)characteristic color is distinct from a second characteristic colorofthat letter where some other (second) sound than said one soundcorresponds to its pronunciation.

Each of the sounds of the other consonant letters of the Englishlanguage are similarily so illustrated on their respective pages of thedictionary to provide a referent for such information. Each of thesounds are demonstrated by the use of a word chosen to represent thepronunciation of such English alphabet letter in such words. Each ofsuch dictionary pages are arranged in alphabetical order of the colorletter used as an outline for the colored portion thereof so that suchcolored sound symbol may be readily located by the user, i.e., thereader, of the book.

The sounds and symbols for each of the separate different sounds of theEnglish language are set out on each of the separate different pages ofthe dictionary as listed in Table I and III herebelow and the content orlayout of each of such dictionary pages is illustrated in FlGS.3,4,5,and6.

The array of symbols and words in FIG. 3 is typical of the informationand presentation thereof for each of the sounds of the English alphabetconsonant letters, when such consonant letters are colored blue. Thearray of symbols and words in FIG. 4 is typical of the presentation foreach of the English alphabet vowel letters that are pronounced withvaried sounds in different words. The array of colored letter symbolsand words of FIG. 5 is typical of the presentation of such color codedletter system of sound symbols for each of the consonants that havedifferent sounds in different words. The array or format or layout ofthe colored letter symbols and words of FIG. 6 is typical of thepresentation for each of the pages of the dictionary which illustrates aparticular sound, the sh sound in this case, when such sound issymbolized by any or all of a plurality of English alphabet letters. Itwill be noted that, notwithstanding that different letters are used, allof these letters are given the same color, purple in this case;accordingly that one color i.e., that one combination of hue,brilliance, and saturation indicates the pronunciation for that(non-alphabet) sound.

According to the color coded letter sound symbols system of thisinvention each of the five English alphabet vowel letters a, e, i, o,and u", when pronounced in words as such English alphabet letter ispronounced when such letter is a separate letter is shown colored red asdefined in Table II and as in the words as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 4and in Table I for the red coloring of such letter.

Three vowel letters a", o, and u, in certain words, such as arm, food,and true respectively, are pronounced by sounds which are commonlyreferred to as long" sounds of such vowel letters: these vowel lettersare colored violet according to the color coded sound letter symbolssystem of this invention when such English alphabet vowel letters arepronounced by such sound in the words in which such vowel letterappears.

The short sounds of each of the vowel letters of the English alphabetare indicated by coloring each of such letters orange in wordscontaining such vowel letters pronounced with such short sounds as theletter a" in the word man", the letter e in the word end", the letter iin the word ill", the letter 0" in the word not, and the letter y in theword myth. Such coloring is in a distinctive color, orange in thisparticular embodiment, of the particular brilliance, saturation and hueshown in FIG. 7 and Table II. It will be noted that by any one coloringof the letter a", regardless of the sound which it represents as in FIG.4 is clearly distinct from any of the other colors applied within theoutline of such English alphabet letter colored symbol, to be clearlydistinct from any of the other colored symbols using the same coloroutline.

The uh or grunting sound is created or pronounced for words containingone or another of all of the English alphabet vowel letters a, e, i, o,and u. Accordingly as this one, uh, or grunting sound is not alwaysindicated by any one English alphabet vowel letter and is a sound notcreated by pronunciation of only one English alphabet vowel letter, theEnglish alphabet letters which provide such sounds in a given Englishlanguage word, according tothe color coded sound symbols system of thisinvention are, in such words, each provided in a characteristic,distinctive color, tan in the particular embodiment of this inventionherein shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 as illustrative of this invention.

When one, first vowel letter in a word has one particular sound ofanother, second, vowel letter (whether shown as e.g., red, violet, ororange for such second vowel letter according to this system) suchpronunciation of the first vowel letter creates no new sound and,according to the color coded sound symbol system of this invention, thecoloring of that first English alphabet letter is colored a distinctiveand characteristic color, pink in the preferred embodiment, to bedistinct from the other colors applied within the outline of that oneEnglish alphabet vowel letter for other sounds or pronunciations of suchone first letter. A visual distinction is thus provided between thecolor of such first English alphabet vowel letter when it is sopronounced like a particular sound of another vowel and the color ofthat first English alphabet vowel letter when it is pronounced in amanner corresponding to when that vowel is colored red, orange, orviolet; examples of such pink lettering are at items 6, 20, 31 and 46 ofTable I wherein such pink symbol utilizing the first vowel letteroutline is, in the preferred embodiment, directed only to such one soundof the second vowel letter.

As illustrated in the FIG. 4, when vowel letters occur in words whichare pronounced with sounds similar to the sounds of other, consonantletters of the English alphabet such vowel letters are colored green:for instance, the letter a in the word ball" (wherein a sound like aw"is pronounced), and the letter 0" in the word choir (wherein the 0" ispronounced with a wh sound), are colored green.

Because of the large number of different sounds by which the letter y"is pronounced, such letter is colored with any one of a variety ofcolors to provide distinctly differing symbols corresponding to each ofsuch different sounds as listed as items 74 through 77 in Table I.

Each of the consonant letters b, c, d", f",

9 n s P s r 7 S 9 v x, y, and 2" is colored blue when such consonantletter (in given words) is pronounced with a sound corresponding to thesound of such consonant letters standing alone as provided in the wordsin the phonics dictionary (listed in Table l) and shown, as an example,in FIG. 3.

When each of the consonant letters c, d, f,

g,J, ,P,q, X pronounced in a given word with a sound which simulates thesound of another consonant such letter symbol is colored green, as isthe case for the coloring and pronunciation of the letter symbol f inthe word of according to this color coded letter system of sound symbolsbecause, in such case the sound of the consonant letter v (not f) issimulated. Similarly, for the letter d in the word soldier wherein thesound of the letter j is simulated, the letter symbol d is colored greenas is the letter c in the word cat in FIG. and in the word come in FIG.2, wherein the sound of the letter k is simulated. The letter h" iscolored blue when pronounced as is the first letter in hat because ofthe uniqueness of the sound of the letter h as in the word hat and thecommon pronunciation of the letter h in the word hat as well as becauseof the distinct coloring of h according to this system of color codedletter symbols in the symbols for the sounds of wh, ch, uh, and shnotwithstanding the inapplicability of the use of its pronunciation(aitch) to the letter h.

As the sound ch in the word child is indicated by different letters indifferent words, as the letter t in the word question and by the letter0" in the word cello as well as by the letters ch in cheek, and the chsound is not produced by the pronunciation of any one letter of theEnglish alphabet standing alone, the letters which are pronounced withsuch ch sounds are given a separate, distinctive, color which is brownaccording to the color coded sound symbol system of this invention inthe preferred embodiment.

As the th sound as it occurs in the word with is a variation or a lispof the sound of the letter s" the letters forming the th sound arecolored green as shown in FIG. 2 and in Table I.

The letters which are pronounced as the sh" sound, e.g., the letter s inthe word sure, the letter t" in the word nation" and the letter c in theword ocean as well as the letters ch in machine are, according to thecolor coded letter symbol system of this invention provided, in suchwords, in a characteristic distinctive color, purple. The saturation ofthis color is distinctly different from the violet, which is a muchlighter color, used for sounds as 42 and 64 of Table I.

Accordingly, 35 main different sounds of the English language arerepresented by a total of 66 coded letter symbols for sounds, and these66 symbols are represented by 26 English alphabet letters and eightdifferent chromatic hues, each of three of which hues are used in twodistinctively different degrees of saturation, for a total of tendifferent chromatic colors and black.

The sounds of the English alphabet are thus indicated by characteristiccolored letters of the English alphabet in this color coded sound symbolsystem and,

a. the full range of 23 sounds provided by the outlines of the lettersof the English alphabet themselves are used without changes in spellingof the words or capitalization or punctuation and,

b. an extension of such alphabet outline symbols by use of sevendifferent additional distinct colors not only provides a distinctionfrom the 23 sounds provided by the pronunciation of the letters of thealphabet standing separately but such extension also provides, adistinctive chromatic color notation for each of 11 sounds of theEnglish language which are not made by pronunciation of the letters ofthe English alphabet by themselves and,

c. when use of violet and purple and brown are as hereinabove describedare interchanged (as the choice of colors in the separate groups ofdistinct characteristic colors hereinabove referred to, [at page 7, line1 to page 8 line 6] is a matter of choice) by the use of two additionaldistinctive colors not only are each of 35 sounds of the Englishlanguage readily recognized by the beginning reader as those sounds inthe English language which do and those which do not have their soundsexpressed by the letters of the English alphabet standing alone but,also this system provides for a grouping of the letters in a given wordaccording to the syllables in which such letters occur as differentlycolored consonants and vowels provide groupings that represent syllablesthat readily indicate to the reader where the consonants and the vowelsare located, the consonants being in the cool colors, blue, green, darkpurple, and violet while the vowel symbols are in the warmer colors(when use of violet and pink are interchanged.

This color coded sound symbol system thus provides meaningfulapplication of the above mentioned inventive discovery of the ability ofa child not yet able to read to recognize colors he or she had alreadylearned and sounds which he had already learned and so apply his or hertheretofore limited vocabulary and memory thereto.

This process or system of sound symbols is, by use of the words insyllabic units and combining the words in such units to form a readabletext and copying of such text by color video tape, utilized with littlehuman intervention to provide such text to the view of very many peopleas well as, by storage of the tape by conventional means therefor,permit readily and repeated use of such text with colored letters. Colorrecognition may be by the human eye using color standards or by photoelectric matching procedures using standard light sources and standardfilters.

The color coded sound symbol system of this invention may, in anotherembodiment where chromatically colored and black dots are used undereach of the letters of the text, as in FIG. 8 use conventional blackprinting with such colored dots thereunder as color coded symbol forpronunciation of the letters thereabove in such words. Also, colored andblack dashes may be used under each letter as shown in FIG. 9 with thesame colors as heretofore discussed for each of the letters in the wordsas color coded symbols for pronunciation with the color coding being asabove described and in Table 1.

FIG. 10 of the drawings illustrates another embodiment of the inventionwherein an area in back of each letter is colored in pastel i.e., colorsof low saturation and of low brilliance, as background and the lettersused are the letters of the English alphabet and are printed black andstand out clearly against such pastel background. The pastel coloring isthe same for each of the letters of the alphabet as against each of thesounds listed in Table I as is provided for in the relationship abovedescribed for the FIGS. 1 through 7.

FIG. 11 shows each of the letters in the word surrounded by a coloredblock, the block is hollow so that the coloring of the border followsthe color relations herein above described for each of the letters ofthe English language sounds in relation to the English alphabet letterssymbols therefor as in FIGS. 1 through 7.

The system of letter coloring shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 is thepreferred embodiment of the invention inasmuch as there is no change ofthe letter outlines and such is most amenable and practical in view ofpresent methods of multicolor printing and present method of colortelevision and magnetic tape recording for television as well as that itprovides that there is no additional material presented to the eye ofthe child other than the English alphabet letters themselves and thecoloring thereof. Pastel coloring is difficult of contrast control; itis difficult to create adequate alignment for perfect outlining as inFIG. 11 and such additional outlines are distracting.

It is to be understood that the drawings herein provided are drawn to asubstantially enlarged scale so that the hatching illustrative of thecolors shown may be il lustrated. In actual practice the letters such asin FIGS. 1 and 2 would, in normal course of events each betweenone-quarter and one-half inch high and the letters in the headings ofFIG. 3 through 6 would be between one-half and three-quarters inch highwhile the explanatory material in the text would be about one-quarterinch high as this is adapted for childrens reading. The particular sizeof the letter could be further reduced to standard elite capital lettersin typewriter size. While the above description usedeight hues that wereparticularly distinct and two different degrees of saturation torepresent different sounds, additional distinct hues could be used forthe sounds and I the degree of saturation of color of each sound usedfor emphasis to aid in proper pronunciation where needed.

TABLE I TABLE OF SOUND SYMBOLS hea- No. ding Color Subheading Words 1.Aa red sic, fgte, sngke, spe 2. Aa violet srrn, fgther, sre, smsll 3. Aaorangegm, cwn, fst, grgss 4. Aa tan u h sound sofs, ides, sccount 5. Asyellow sounds like 17 ssid, sir 6. Aa pink sounds like 29 palsce 7. Aagreen sounds like sw sll, bsll 8. Bb blue saby, l )e, gm 9. Ce pu lesounds like s11 ogean, sosial 10. Ce dar sounds like Qt c ello, ghildbrown 1]. Ce green sounds like l sat,san, sup 12. Ce blue sell, geese,gement l3. Dd reen sounds like i solgier, ed ucate l4. Dd lue day, gen,go 15. Be green sounds like 77 swe 16. Be red he, sh; 17. Be orange snd,mst, pgt l8. Ee tan sounds like git th e garth l9. Ee yellow readsr,makgr 20. Be .pink sounds like A thsyl rgy 21. Ee violet de er, sre 22.Ft reen sounds like y o f 23. Ff lue frog, fill 24. Gg urple go, begin25. Gg lue sounds like ,1 gem, giant, religion 26. Gg brown sounds likeZfl Fou eTggnre 27. Gl-Igh green sounds like Ian cough 28. li red ice,te,i ea 29. Il orange ill, pity, with 30. Ii tan f r 3l. Ii pink soundslike E unique, pique 32. Ii green sounds like 77 oil, noise, voice 33.1] green sounds like 1 hallelujah 34. .lj blue joke, j5lly, jump 35. Kkblue keys, kick 36. Ll blue iate,ieg,iip

37. Mm blue man, r iine, gold 38. Nn blue no, mas, magy 39. Nn purplehawk, song 40. Nn brown bog, egsemble 41. 00 red 9 ld, ngte, rgw

42. 0o purple t9, twg, fggd 43. 0o orange o dd, n t, fgrest 44. 00yellow lgrd, rdain 45. 0o tan sounds like u h demgn, natign 46. 0o brownwgd, go o d 47. 00 green sounds like w chgir 48. PHph green sounds likef telepyhone, triumph 49. Pp blue pat, en, pin

50. Qq green sounds like Is Euic uEen 5l. Rr blue fun, gi bit 52. RI-lrhgreen l omboid,

sl ododendron 53. SHsh purple sounds like s h sure, issue, mission 54.green sounds like z is, wise, lives, cars 55. Ss blue sit, fast, seen56. Ss brown sounds like z h pleasure, unusual 57. Tt purple sounds likesh nagion, aciion,

caution 58. Tt brown sounds like c h question, righieous 59. Tl-Ithgreen Qen, wit h 6l. Tt blue time, ialk, Ihomas 62. Uu brown sounds like46 pgt, cogld, sgre 63. Uu red cgbe, smite, meng,

mgsic 64. Uu purple rgde, blge, rgmor 65. Uu green persgade, sognd 66.Uu tan circus, gnder, gp,

picture 67. Uu yellow gm, ft rl 68. Vv blue ote, ent, y ile 69. Wwpurple yew, blew, new

70. Ww green want, win, wood 60B Ww pink sounds like 63 few, pew

7l. WHwh green what, w hy, which 72. Xx green sounds like 5* Xerox,glophone 73. Xx blue ewcept, esit eggact 74. Yy red sounds likei shy, bcry 75. Yy orange sounds like 29 myth, ymn

76. Yy yellow sounds like 19 myrtle, martyr, myrrh 77. Yy green yet,yellow, yard 78. 21 blue Zone, hase 79. Zz brown sounds like z l iasure, glasier 80. black silent hewd, surs, right,

1 Color is applied to heading and underlined letters in words column, asshown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5.

2 Same color applied to underlined letter in this column as in "words"column.

3 Same color, (blue) applied to underlined letter in this column asapplied to consonant that sound like itself e.g. "K".

4 Underlined letter is to be printed in red.

5 Underlined letter is to be printed in orange.

TABLE II Name Webster FIG. 7 PANTONE Matching System Color Chart RedWarm red English Vermillion [between I77 and 179] No. I30 Violet 245=2 Aparts plgple Mallow Purple 1 #4 parts r amine red No. I03 12 parts whiteOrange l50=6 parts yellow Cher 2 parts warm red No. l 2 8 parts whiteYellow Yellow Lemon Carome [between I02 and 103] No. 46 Pink 21 l=3 pansrhodamine red Mallow Pink 1 part warm red No. I02 12 parts white Brown469=6 parts warm red Plum 1 part reflex blue No. l0] 9 parts yellow 4parts black Purple 254=l 6 parts purple Royal Purple l part black No.149 Green 347=l0 parts process blue Shamrock Green 6 parts yellow No. 15Blue Process blue Italian Blue [between 306 and 307 No. 82 Black Processblack Black Tan l60=l2 parts yellow Maroon No. l33

from the PANTONE Matching System (PMS) book of colors for color control:PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone Inc., 461 Eighth Avenue,New York, New York, 10001: these colors in this Table l are those oncoated paper.

TABLE III Number Heading Color Subheading Words 7A Aa black silent beet,heed, boet 8A Bb black silent debt, lamb, comb,

1 1A Cc black silent seene, s cent 14A Dd black silent fud e, edge,

Wednesday 20A Ee black silent little, home 24A Gg black silent gnaw,althou h' 26A Hh black silent wbich, bour, onor,

light 3 l A li black silent receive, field 34A Kk black silent knife,knot, know" 35A Ll black silent calf, half, should,

could 36A Mm black silent mnemonic, mnium 37A Nn black silent columg,condemn! 46A 00 black silent rgugh, tr uble, gagl 48A Pp black silentpsychology,

preumonia, psalm' 54A Ss black silent ieland, aigle 60A Tt black silentmagch, stigch 65A Uu black silent g ess, altho gh 69A \Vw blace silentanswer, whose, write,

6 Underlined letter is black, all other letters are colored.

I claim:

1. An array of color coded letter symbols for language sounds comprisingwords formed by alphabet letters, said letters being in distinctlydifferent characteristic chromatic colors, said letters each having morethan one characteristic chromatic color, and said words are presentedwith each such different particular characteristic color of each suchletter corresponding to a different particular pronunciation thereof.

2. A dictionary as in claim 1 wherein the alphabet letters are Englishalphabet letters and the words are printed in the alphabetical order ofletter outlines used for such sound symbols.

3. An array of color coded letter symbols for language sounds as inclaim 1 comprising also a plurality of multi-member groups of chromaticcolors and wherein one multi-member group of chromatic colors is usedfor the pronunciations of each of a plurality of consonant letters socolored and a second multimember group of chromatic colors used for thepronunciations of each of a plurality of different vowel letters socolored, with the colored members of the second group of chromaticcolors being visually distinct from the members of the first group ofchromatic colors and each of the members of the first group of chromaticcolors is visibly distinct from other members in that first group andeach of the members of the second group of chromatic colors is visiblydistinct from other members in that second group of chromatic colors andsilent letters are written in black and wherein each consonant letterpronounced by a sound the color accorded such consonant letter standingalone and differently from the coloring accorded each other differentpronunciation of such letter and chromatically colored differently fromthe first and second group of chromatic colors, and like soundingconsonants are colored the same.

4. A dictionary as in claim 3 which is in the form of a book.

5. A book comprising text in the English language and a phonicsdictionary therefor, the text being presented in color coded lettersymbols comprising alphabet letters in distinctly differentcharacteristic colors, wherein one multi-member group of chromaticcolors is used for the pronunciations of each of a plurality ofdifferent consonant letters so colored and a second multi-member groupof chromatic colors is used for the pronunciations of each of aplurality of different vowel letters so colored with the colored membersof the second group of chromatic colors being visually distinct from themembers of the first group of chromatic colors and each of the membersof the first group of chromatic colors is visibly distinct from othermembers in that first group and each of the members of the second groupof chromatic colors is visibly distinct from other members in thatsecond group of chromatic colors and silent letters are written inblack, and said phonics dictionary comprises alphabet letters indistinctly different characteristic colors wherein words are printed inorder with each particular characteristic color of such lettercorresponding to a particular pronunciation thereof and wherein eachconsonant letter pronounced by a sound other than the usualpronunciation of such consonant letter standing alone is, for each suchdifferent pronunciation thereof, chromatically colored differently fromthe color accorded such consonant letter standing alone and differentlyfrom the coloring accorded each other different pronunciation of suchletter and chromatically colored differently from the first and secondgroup of chromatic colors, and like sounding consonants are colored thesame.

6. A book as in claim 5 wherein the language sounds are indicated bycolored alphabet letters as set out in Table I following wherein thechromatically different colors are set out by arabic numerals, and thewords illustrative of the pronunciation of such sounds are abreast ofthe arabic numeral indicating the color of the letter forming thesymbol:

01-! h 7 lau h, cou h Ii 8 l i ce, 5i te, ita Ii 2 ill, pity, with ii 3fir ll 4 unique, pique J] 8 'oke, :yplly iump Kk 8 eys, jog

Li 8 late, leg, lip Mm 8 man, mine, mold Mn 8 go, ma may l Qld, n te,raw O0 6 t9, twg, frmd 0o 2 add, not, fgrest 0o 3 dem n, natign 0o 5wogd, gogd Pl-lph 7 telep hone, triumph Pp 8 pat, en, pin Qq 7 quic ueenRr 8 gun, gab it SHsh 6 aure, isaue, migicn Ss 7 i wige, livea, ears S58 ait, feat, aeen Tt 6 nagion, aclion, caugion Tt 5 question, righgeousTHth 7 t hen, with Tt 8 gime, Lalk, '{homas Uu l c be, nite, men m sicUu 6 r de, bl e, rgmor Uu 3 circ s, under, up, pict re Vv 8 gote, gent,gile Ww 7 want, v vin, wood Xx 7 Xerox, glophone Xx 8 ei rcept, eait,eaact Yy 1 sh b c Yy 7 yei, yedlm v i yard Zz 8 zone, haae and whereinthe colors corresponding to the arabic numbers indicating the color ofthe symbols are: 1. red; 2. orange; 3. tan; 4. pink; 5. brown; 6.purple; 7. green; 8. blue.

7. A process for encoding alphabet letters as pronunciation symbols forlanguage sounds comprising chromatically coloring each consonant letterand each vowel letter in one of a plurality of distinctly differentcharacteristic chromatic colors and each such letter is colored in morethan one characteristic chromatic color with each different particularcharacteristic color of each such letter corresponding to a particulardifferent pronunciation thereof, whereby to consistently distinguishbetween the several language sounds for each such chrom atically coloredletter.

8. Process for encoding alphabet letters as pronunciation symbols forlanguage sounds comprising chromatically coloring each consonant letterand each vowel letter in one of a plurality of distinctly differentcharacteristic chromatic colors and each such letter is colored in morethan one characteristic chromatic color with each different particularcharacteristic color of each such letter corresponding to a particulardifferent pronunciation thereof, said chromatic colors being chosen froma plurality of multi-member groups of chromatic colors, and wherein onemulti-member group of chromatic colors is used for the pronunciations ofeach of a plurality of consonant letters so colored and a secondmulti-member group of chromatic colors used for the pronunciations ofeach of a plurality of different vowel letters so colored, with thecolored members of the second group of chromatic colors being visuallydistinct from the members of the first group of chromatic colors andeach of the members of the first group of chromatic colors is visiblydistinct from other members in that first group and each of the membersof the second group of chromatic colors is visibly distinct from othermembers in that second group of chromatic colors and silent letters arewritten in .black and wherein each consonant letter pronounced by asound other than the usual pronunciation of such consonant letterstanding alone is, for each such different pronunciation thereof,chromatically colored differently from the color accorded such consonantletter standing alone and differently from the coloring accorded eachother different pronunciation of such letter and chromatically coloreddifferently from the first and second group of chromatic colors, andlike sounding consonants are colored the same.

9. Process as in claim 8 wherein the language sounds are indicated bycolored alphabet letters as set out in Table I following wherein thechromatically different colors are set out by arabic numerals, and thewords illustrative of the pronunciation of such sounds are abreast ofthe arabic numeral indicating the color of the letter forming thesymbol:

TABLE I LETTER COLOR NUMBER ILLUSTRATIVE. WORD Aa l ale, fate, snake,ape Aa 2 am, can, fat, grass Aa 3 sofa, idea, account As 4 palace Bi: 8baby, be, but

Cc 6 ogean, sogial Ce 5 gello, ghild Cc 7 gat, gan, gup

Ce 8 ell, gease, gement Dd 7 soldier, educate Dd 8 day, den, do

Be 1 ha, she

Be 2 and, mat, pat

He 3 thg, garth Be 4 ey. p ey Ff 7 of Ft 8 frog, fill Gg 6 go, begin Gg8 gem, giant, religion GHgh 7 augg, cough Ii 1 ice, ite, 1 ea ii 2 ill,pity, wi th ii 4 unique, pique Jj 8 'oke, 'olly, jump Kk 8 ilreysitickLl 8 late, leg, lip

Mm 8 man, mine, mold Nn 8 go, ma may O0 2 Qdd, ngt, fgrcst 0o 3 dem n,natign PHph 7 teleahonc, triumEi Pp 8 pat, en, pin

Qq 7 quic ueen Rr 8 fun, gab it SHsh 6 sure, igue, mi aion S6 7 i5, wie, livea, car 8 git, feat, geen Tt 6 nagion, action, caution Tt 5quesgion, righgeous T Hth 7 then, wit h Tt 8 t .ime, Lalk, Ihomas Uu l cbe, nite. men m sic Uu 6 r de, bide, r mor Uu 3 circgs, nder, p, pict reVv 8 yote, yent, yile Ww 7 want, \gin, wood Xx 7 Xerox, aylophone Xx 8egcept, eait, eaact Yy l shy, by, cry

Yy 7 yet, ye low, yard 22 8 aone, haze and wherein the colorscorresponding to the arabic numbers indicating the color of the symbolsare: 1. red; 2. orange; 3. tan; 4. pink; 5. brown; 6. purple; 7. green;

8. blue.

1. An array of color coded letter symbols for language sounds comprising words formed by alphabet letters, said letters being in distinctly different characteristic chromatic colors, said letters each having more than one characteristic chromatic color, and said words are presented with each such different particular characteristic color of each such letter corresponding to a different particular pronunciation thereof.
 1. An array of color coded letter symbols for language sounds comprising words formed by alphabet letters, said letters being in distinctly different characteristic chromatic colors, said letters each having more than one characteristic chromatic color, and said words are presented with each such different particular characteristic color of each such letter corresponding to a different particular pronunciation thereof.
 2. A dictionary as in claim 1 wherein the alphabet letters are English Alphabet letters and the words are printed in the alphabetical order of letter outlines used for such sound symbols.
 3. An array of color coded letter symbols for language sounds as in claim 1 comprising also a plurality of multi-member groups of chromatic colors and wherein one multi-member group of chromatic colors is used for the pronunciations of each of a plurality of consonant letters so colored and a second multi-member group of chromatic colors used for the pronunciations of each of a plurality of different vowel letters so colored, with the colored members of the second group of chromatic colors being visually distinct from the members of the first group of chromatic colors and each of the members of the first group of chromatic colors is visibly distinct from other members in that first group and each of the members of the second group of chromatic colors is visibly distinct from other members in that second group of chromatic colors and silent letters are written in black and wherein each consonant letter pronounced by a sound other than the usual pronunciation of such consonant letter standing alone is, for each such different pronunciation thereof chromatically colored differently from the color accorded such consonant letter standing alone and differently from the coloring accorded each other different pronunciation of such letter and chromatically colored differently from the first and second group of chromatic colors, and like sounding consonants are colored the same.
 4. A dictionary as in claim 3 which is in the form of a book.
 5. A book comprising text in the English language and a phonics dictionary therefor, the text being presented in color coded letter symbols comprising alphabet letters in distinctly different characteristic colors, wherein one multi-member group of chromatic colors is used for the pronunciations of each of a plurality of different consonant letters so colored and a second multi-member group of chromatic colors is used for the pronunciations of each of a plurality of different vowel letters so colored with the colored members of the second group of chromatic colors being visually distinct from the members of the first group of chromatic colors and each of the members of the first group of chromatic colors is visibly distinct from other members in that first group and each of the members of the second group of chromatic colors is visibly distinct from other members in that second group of chromatic colors and silent letters are written in black, and said phonics dictionary comprises alphabet letters in distinctly different characteristic colors wherein words are printed in order with each particular characteristic color of such letter corresponding to a particular pronunciation thereof and wherein each consonant letter pronounced by a sound other than the usual pronunciation of such consonant letter standing alone is, for each such different pronunciation thereof, chromatically colored differently from the color accorded such consonant letter standing alone and differently from the coloring accorded each other different pronunciation of such letter and chromatically colored differently from the first and second group of chromatic colors, and like sounding consonants are colored the same.
 6. A book as in claim 5 wherein the language sounds are indicated by colored alphabet letters as set out in Table I following wherein the chromatically different colors are set out by arabic numerals, and the words illustrative of the pronunciation of such sounds are abreast of the arabic numeral indicating the color of the letter forming the symbol: TABLE I LETTER COLOR NUMBER ILLUSTRATIVE WORD Aa 1 ale, fate, snake, ape Aa 2 am, can, fat, grass Aa 3 sofa, idea, account Aa 4 palace Bb 8 baby, be, but Cc 6 ocean, social Cc 5 cello, child Cc 7 cat, can, cup Cc 8 cell, cease, cement Dd 7 soldier, educate Dd 8 day, den, do Ee 1 he, she Ee 1 end, met, pet Ee 3 the, earth Ee 4 they, prey Ff 7 of Ff 8 frog, fill Gg 6 go, begin Gg 8 gem, giant, religion GHgh 7 laugh, cough Ii 1 ice, bite, idea Ii 2 ill, pity, with Ii 3 fir Ii 4 unique, pique Jj 8 joke, jolly, jump Kk 8 keys, kick Ll 8 late, leg, lip Mm 8 man, mine, mold Nn 8 no, man, many Oo 1 old, note, row Oo 6 to, two, food Oo 2 odd, not, forest Oo 3 demon, nation Oo 5 wood, good PHph 7 telephone, triumph Pp 8 pat, pen, pin Qq 7 quick, queen Rr 8 run, rabbit SHsh 6 sure, issue, mission Ss 7 is, wise, lives, ears Ss 8 sit, fast, seen Tt 6 nation, action, caution Tt 5 question, righteous THth 7 then, with Tt 8 time, talk, Thomas Uu 1 cube, unite, menu, music Uu 6 rude, blue, rumor Uu 3 circus, under, up, picture Vv 8 vote, vent, vile Ww 7 want, win, wood Xx 7 Xerox, xylophone Xx 8 except, exit, exact Yy 1 shy, by, cry Yy 7 yet, yellow, yard Zz 8 zone, haze and wherein the colors corresponding to the arabic numbers indicating the color of the symbols are:
 1. red;
 2. orange;
 3. tan;
 4. pink;
 5. brown;
 6. purple;
 7. green;
 8. blue.
 7. A process for encoding alphabet letters as pronunciation symbols for language sounds comprising chromatically coloring each consonant letter and each vowel letter in one of a plurality of distinctly different characteristic chromatic colors and each such letter is colored in more than one characteristic chromatic color with each different particular characteristic color of each such letter corresponding to a particular different pronunciation thereof, whereby to consistently distinguish between the several language sounds for each such chromatically colored letter.
 8. Process for encoding alphabet letters as pronunciation symbols for language sounds comprising chromatically coloring each consonant letter and each vowel letter in one of a plurality of distinctly different characteristic chromatic colors and each such letter is colored in more than one characteristic chromatic color with each different particular characteristic color of each such letter corresponding to a particular different pronunciation thereof, said chromatic colors being chosen from a plurality of multi-member groups of chromatic colors, and wherein one multi-member group of chromatic colors is used for the pronunciations of each of a plurality of consonant letters so colored and a second multi-member group of chromatic colors used for the pronunciations of each of a plurality of different vowel letters so colored, with the colored members of the second group of chromatic colors being visually distinct from the members of the first group of chromatic colors and each of the members of the first group of chromatic colors is visIbly distinct from other members in that first group and each of the members of the second group of chromatic colors is visibly distinct from other members in that second group of chromatic colors and silent letters are written in black and wherein each consonant letter pronounced by a sound other than the usual pronunciation of such consonant letter standing alone is, for each such different pronunciation thereof, chromatically colored differently from the color accorded such consonant letter standing alone and differently from the coloring accorded each other different pronunciation of such letter and chromatically colored differently from the first and second group of chromatic colors, and like sounding consonants are colored the same. 